Reserves

The Reserve Management Tool

The inputs to the SPD solver are shown in the figure and table below (adapted from Transpower's Reserve Management Tool (RMT) functional specification). There are two broad categories of input:

1. Energy and reserve offers from market participants
2. Parameters that define the Reserves requirement are calculated mostly by a software application: the RMT.

Term	Explanation
Generation Offer	Offer made to supply energy by generator
Reserve Offer	Offer made to supply reserve by a Generation Unit
FIR	Fast Instantaneous Reserve
SIR	Sustained Instantaneous Reserve
Interruptible Load Reserve	Reserve available from the reduction of load
Partly Loaded Reserve	Reserve available from increasing generation from unused generation capacity
Tailwater Depressed Reserve	Reserve available by implementing tail water depression in a hydro generator
Load Bids	Bids made by consumers for supply at a GXP
Load Forecast	The estimated load forecast given for each trading period
FIR_RISK_MW	The risk corresponding to the required FIR. Applies to ACCE, DCCE (CE) and ECE.
SIR_RISK_MW	The risk corresponding to the required SIR. Applies to ACCE, DCCE (CE) and ECE.
FIR_MW	The required FIR. Applies to ACCE, DCCE (CE) and ECE
SIR_MW	The required SIR. Applies to ACCE, DCCE (CE) and ECE
CE	Contingent Event
ECE	Extended Contingent Event
RAF	Risk Adjustment Factor. Four different RAFs exist for each island, for CE and ECE for FIR and SIR respectively. To achieve the required reserve, the RAF is multiplied by the risk after deducting the Net Free Reserve.
NFR	Net Free Reserve. The offset from the risk that the RAF is applied to.
ACCE	Contingent Event caused by the loss of (usually) one generator unit.
DCCE	Contingent Event caused by the loss of (usually) one HVDC pole.
Rampupmax	Calculated by RMT. Quantifies the maximum transient overload power that the HVDC link can transfer at the inverter after a Contingent Event, not taking any AC constraints into account.