EMO:Logical Data Structure

EMarketOffer uses two broad types of data:

Static Data: Static data describes the Items Modelled in EMarketOffer (e.g. Generator maximum capacity).

Dynamic Data: Dynamic data describing the state of the Modelled Items defined by the static data and changes rapidly over time, typically by Trading Period (e.g. Nodal Price)

Terminology

EMarketOffer's data design consists of 'things' (or items) included in the model, and the characteristics of those 'things'. In this manual the 'things' are called Entities and their characteristics are called Traits. Traits may be static or dynamic.

For example the Circuit Entity can have the static Traits of Start Node and End Node, and the dynamic Traits of Powerflow and Loss by Trading Period.

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NOTE: : Static data is not permanently fixed and may, at times, be quite changeable, but within the context of EMarketOffer it is not necessary to be able to track such changes down to the Trading Period level.

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Modelled Entities

Four broad categories of entity are modelled in EMarketOffer:

Entity Type	Relate To
System	The physical Transmission System
Market	The routine operation of the wholesale Market (Offers, Load, Price)
Commercial	Generation Companies and their retail and hedging operations
Geographical	Physical points and regional positioning

System Entities

The following table lists and describes the System entities modelled in EMarketOffer.

Entity	Description	Attribute (Trait)
System Node	Any point in the NZ Transmission System to which a Circuit can be connected	Name
Substation	One or more System and/or Market Nodes located at a single geographical location	Name Component Node
Circuit	A branch (Circuit) conducting power on the NZ Transmission System	Name From Node To Node Contributes to HVDC (Yes/No) Resistance Reactance Capacity (Summer/Winter)
Branch Constraint	A Transpower defined Constraint affecting a single Circuit (by imposing a limit on power transfer on the circuit)	Name Circuit Start Date and Period End Date and Period Value
Equation Constraint	A Transpower defined Constraint involving more than one circuit	Name Start Date and Period End Date and Period Affected circuits Constraint Equation Limit (RHS)
Reserve Region	A Transpower defined Region used for calculating	Reserve Region Name

Market Entities

The following table lists and describes the Market entities modelled in EMarketOffer

Entity	Description	Attribute (Trait)
Market Node	A system Node at which electricity can be injected or withdrawn and for which a Nodal Price is published in the NZEM	Name (System Node)
Unit	A single physical electricity generation Unit for which Offers can be made	Name Connection (Market Node)
Generator	A logical collection of (typically geographically co-located) Units	Name Component Units

Commercial Entities

The following table lists and describes the Commercial entities modeled in EMarketOffer

Entity	Description	Attribute (trait)
Company	An owner of Generation capacity	Name Unit(s) Unit Name Cost in dollars per MWh Retail Node(s) Node Name Percentage load owned Retail price in dollars per MWh Hedge Contract(s) Reference Node name Hedge start date Hedge start period Hedge end date Hedge end period Strike price in dollars per MWh Quantity (MW)

Geographical Items

The following table lists and describes the Geographical items modelled in EMarketOffer

Item (entity)	Description	Attribute (trait)
Region	A logical collection of Substations (typically but not necessarily geographically co-located)	Name Component System nodes

Note: The Items listed above are not all modelled at the same level in EMarketOffer. For example no distinction is made in the program between System and Market Nodes with Prices being calculated for all System Nodes in Forecasts. Also Branch Constraints are treated as complex attributes of individual circuits rather than Items in their own right.

Dynamic Data

Dynamic data Traits that changes value frequently, typically by Trading Period. The following table lists the dynamic data items modelled in the EMarketOffer:

Modelled Item	Attribute	Units	Comment
Circuit	Capacity	MW	Can be re-rated by the Trading Period
	Powerflow	MW
	Price Separation	dollars per MWh	Price difference on a constrained Circuit
	Losses	MW
	Loading	ratio	Ratio of flow to capacity
Company	Generation	MWh	Across all Generators owned by the Company
	Generation Revenue	dollars
	Generation Cost	dollars	Based on Generation marginal cost
	Retail Load	MWh	Across all Nodes supplied by the Generator
	Retail Revenue	dollars
	Retail Cost	dollars	Nodal Price - Retail Price
	Hedge Cash Flow	dollars	(Nodal Price - Strike Price) * Quantity
	Total Cash Flow	dollars	The sum of all revenues and costs
Equation Constraint	Limit	MWh	Can be re-rated by the Trading Period
	Value	MWh
	Freedom	MWh	Limit - Value
Company	Generation	MWh
Node	Load	MWh
	Generation	MWh
	Price	dollars per MWh
	Losses	MWh
Region	Load	MWh	Across all Region Nodes
	Generation	MWh	Across all Region Nodes
	Price	dollars per MWh	Across all Region Nodes
	Losses	MWh	Across all Region Nodes
Reserve Region	Offered Fast Reserve	MWh	North and South Island
	Offered Sustained Reserve	MWh	North and South Island
	Cleared Fast Reserve	MWh	North and South Island
	Cleared Sustained Reserve	MWh	North and South Island
	Price Fast Reserve	dollars per MWh	North and South Island
	Price Sustained Reserve	dollars per MWh	North and South Island
	DC Offset Fast Reserve	dollars per MWh	North and South Island
	DC Offset Sustained Reserve	dollars per MWh	North and South Island
	AC Offset Fast Reserve	dollars per MWh	North and South Island
	AC Offset Sustained Reserve	dollars per MWh	North and South Island
	Base Risk Fast Reserve	MW	North and South Island
	Base Risk Sustained Reserve	MW	North and South Island
	Risk Adjustment Factor Fast Reserve		North and South Island
	Risk Adjustment Factor Sustained Reserve		North and South Island
Substation	Load	MWh	Averaged across all Nodes
	Generation	MWh	Averaged across all Units
	Price	dollars per MWh	Averaged across all Nodes
	Losses	MW	Averaged across all Nodes
Unit	Generation	MW
	Fast Reserve dispatched	MW
	Sustained Reserve dispatched	MW
	Marginal Indicator		Indicates if Unit was marginal for the Trading Period in question
	Risk Setter		Indicates if Unit was setting the risk for the Trading Period in question
	Maximum Generation	MW	Maximum generation unit capable of producing in the Trading Period (used in Reserves calculation)
	Fast Reserve Offer Quatity (PLSR) bands 1-3	MW
	Fast Reserve Offer Price (PLSR) bands 1-3	dollars
	Fast Reserve RSlope (PLSR) bands 1-3
	Sustained Reserve Offer Quantity (PLSR) bands 1-3	MW
	Sustained Reserve Offer Price (PLSR) bands 1-3	dollars
	Sustained Reserve RSlope (PLSR) bands 1-3
	Fast Reserve Offer Quantity (TWD/ILR) bands 1-3	MW
	Fast Reserve Offer Price (TWD/ILR) bands 1-3	dollars
	Sustained Reserve Offer Quantity (TWD/ILR) bands 1-3	MW
	Sustained Reserve Offer Price (TWD/ILR) bands 1-3	dollars per MWh
	Frequency keeping band	MW

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